plot3 - 3-D line plot (2024)

Table of Contents
Syntax Description Vector and Matrix Data Table Data Additional Options Examples Plot 3-D Helix Plot Multiple Lines Plot Multiple Lines Using Matrices Specify Equally-Spaced Tick Units and Axis Labels Plot Points as Markers Without Lines Customize Color and Marker Specify Line Style Modify Line After Plotting Plot Data from a Table Plot Multiple Table Variables on the x- and y-Axes Specify Target Axes Plot Duration Data with Custom Tick Format Plot Line With Marker at One Data Point Input Arguments X — x-coordinates scalar | vector | matrix Y — y-coordinates scalar | vector | matrix Z — z-coordinates scalar | vector | matrix LineSpec — Line style, marker, and color string scalar | character vector tbl — Source table table | timetable xvar — Table variables containing x-coordinatescharacter vector | string array | cell array | pattern | numeric scalar or vector | logical vector | vartype() yvar — Table variables containing y-coordinates character vector | string array | cell array | pattern | numeric scalar or vector | logical vector | vartype() zvar — Table variables containing z-coordinates character vector | string array | cell array | pattern | numeric scalar or vector | logical vector | vartype() ax — Target axes Axes object Name-Value Arguments Color — Color [0 0.4470 0.7410] (default) | RGB triplet | hexadecimal color code | 'r' | 'g' | 'b' | ... Tips Extended Capabilities GPU Arrays Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™. Distributed Arrays Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™. Version History R2022b: Plots created with tables preserve special characters in axis and legend labels R2022a: Pass tables directly to plot3 See Also Functions Properties Topics MATLAB Command Americas Europe Asia Pacific

3-D line plot

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  • plot3 - 3-D line plot (1)

Syntax

plot3(X,Y,Z)

plot3(X,Y,Z,LineSpec)

plot3(X1,Y1,Z1,...,Xn,Yn,Zn)

plot3(X1,Y1,Z1,LineSpec1,...,Xn,Yn,Zn,LineSpecn)

plot3(tbl,xvar,yvar,zvar)

plot3(ax,___)

plot3(___,Name,Value)

p = plot3(___)

Description

Vector and Matrix Data

plot3(X,Y,Z) plots coordinates in 3-D space.

  • To plot a set of coordinates connected by line segments, specify X, Y, and Z as vectors of the same length.

  • To plot multiple sets of coordinates on the same set of axes, specify at least one of X, Y, or Z as a matrix and the others as vectors.

example

plot3(X,Y,Z,LineSpec) creates the plot using the specified line style, marker, and color.

example

plot3(X1,Y1,Z1,...,Xn,Yn,Zn) plots multiple sets of coordinates on the same set of axes. Use this syntax as an alternative to specifying multiple sets as matrices.

example

plot3(X1,Y1,Z1,LineSpec1,...,Xn,Yn,Zn,LineSpecn) assigns specific line styles, markers, and colors to each XYZ triplet. You can specify LineSpec for some triplets and omit it for others. For example, plot3(X1,Y1,Z1,'o',X2,Y2,Z2) specifies markers for the first triplet but not for the second triplet.

example

Table Data

plot3(tbl,xvar,yvar,zvar) plots the variables xvar, yvar, and zvar from the table tbl. To plot one data set, specify one variable each for xvar, yvar, and zvar. To plot multiple data sets, specify multiple variables for at least one of those arguments. The arguments that specify multiple variables must specify the same number of variables. (since R2022a)

example

Additional Options

plot3(ax,___) displays the plot in the target axes. Specify the axes as the first argument in any of the previous syntaxes.

example

plot3(___,Name,Value) specifies Line properties using one or more name-value pair arguments. Specify the properties after all other input arguments. For a list of properties, see Line Properties.

example

p = plot3(___) returns a Line object or an array of Line objects. Use p to modify properties of the plot after creating it. For a list of properties, see Line Properties.

example

Examples

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Plot 3-D Helix

Open Live Script

Define t as a vector of values between 0 and 10π. Define st and ct as vectors of sine and cosine values. Then plot st, ct, and t.

t = 0:pi/50:10*pi;st = sin(t);ct = cos(t);plot3(st,ct,t)

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Plot Multiple Lines

Open Live Script

Create two sets of x-, y-, and z-coordinates.

t = 0:pi/500:pi;xt1 = sin(t).*cos(10*t);yt1 = sin(t).*sin(10*t);zt1 = cos(t);xt2 = sin(t).*cos(12*t);yt2 = sin(t).*sin(12*t);zt2 = cos(t);

Call the plot3 function, and specify consecutive XYZ triplets.

plot3(xt1,yt1,zt1,xt2,yt2,zt2)

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Plot Multiple Lines Using Matrices

Open Live Script

Create matrix X containing three rows of x-coordinates. Create matrix Y containing three rows of y-coordinates.

t = 0:pi/500:pi;X(1,:) = sin(t).*cos(10*t);X(2,:) = sin(t).*cos(12*t);X(3,:) = sin(t).*cos(20*t);Y(1,:) = sin(t).*sin(10*t);Y(2,:) = sin(t).*sin(12*t);Y(3,:) = sin(t).*sin(20*t);

Create matrix Z containing the z-coordinates for all three sets.

Z = cos(t);

Plot all three sets of coordinates on the same set of axes.

plot3(X,Y,Z)

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Specify Equally-Spaced Tick Units and Axis Labels

Open Live Script

Create vectors xt, yt, and zt.

t = 0:pi/500:40*pi;xt = (3 + cos(sqrt(32)*t)).*cos(t);yt = sin(sqrt(32) * t);zt = (3 + cos(sqrt(32)*t)).*sin(t);

Plot the data, and use the axis equal command to space the tick units equally along each axis. Then specify the labels for each axis.

plot3(xt,yt,zt)axis equalxlabel('x(t)')ylabel('y(t)')zlabel('z(t)')

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Plot Points as Markers Without Lines

Open Live Script

Create vectors t, xt, and yt, and plot the points in those vectors using circular markers.

t = 0:pi/20:10*pi;xt = sin(t);yt = cos(t);plot3(xt,yt,t,'o')

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Customize Color and Marker

Open Live Script

Create vectors t, xt, and yt, and plot the points in those vectors as a blue line with 10-point circular markers. Use a hexadecimal color code to specify a light blue fill color for the markers.

t = 0:pi/20:10*pi;xt = sin(t);yt = cos(t);plot3(xt,yt,t,'-o','Color','b','MarkerSize',10,... 'MarkerFaceColor','#D9FFFF')

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Specify Line Style

Open Live Script

Create vector t. Then use t to calculate two sets of x and y values.

t = 0:pi/20:10*pi;xt1 = sin(t);yt1 = cos(t);xt2 = sin(2*t);yt2 = cos(2*t);

Plot the two sets of values. Use the default line for the first set, and specify a dashed line for the second set.

plot3(xt1,yt1,t,xt2,yt2,t,'--')

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Modify Line After Plotting

Open Live Script

Create vectors t, xt, and yt, and plot the data in those vectors. Return the chart line in the output variable p.

t = linspace(-10,10,1000);xt = exp(-t./10).*sin(5*t);yt = exp(-t./10).*cos(5*t);p = plot3(xt,yt,t);

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Change the line width to 3.

p.LineWidth = 3;

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Plot Data from a Table

Open Live Script

Since R2022a

A convenient way to plot data from a table is to pass the table to the plot3 function and specify the variables to plot.

Create vectors x, y, and t, and put the vectors in a table. Then display the first three rows of the table.

t = (0:pi/20:10*pi)';x = sin(t);y = cos(t);tbl = table(x,y,t);head(tbl,3)
 x y t _______ _______ _______ 0 1 0 0.15643 0.98769 0.15708 0.30902 0.95106 0.31416

Plot the x, y, and t table variables. Return the Line object as p. Notice that the axis labels match the variable names.

p = plot3(tbl,"x","y","t");

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To modify aspects of the line, set the LineStyle, Color, and Marker properties on the Line object. For example, change the line to a red dotted line with circular markers.

p.LineStyle = ":";p.Color = "red";p.Marker = "o";

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Plot Multiple Table Variables on the x- and y-Axes

Open Live Script

Since R2022a

Create a table containing five variables. Then display the first three rows of the table.

t = (0:pi/500:pi)';x1 = sin(t).*cos(10*t);x2 = sin(t).*cos(12*t);y1 = sin(t).*sin(10*t);y2 = sin(t).*sin(12*t);z = cos(t);tbl = table(x1,x2,y1,y2,z);head(tbl,3)
 x1 x2 y1 y2 z _________ _________ __________ __________ _______ 0 0 0 0 1 0.0062707 0.0062653 0.00039452 0.00047329 0.99998 0.012467 0.012423 0.0015749 0.0018877 0.99992

Plot the x1 and x2 variables on the x-axis, the y1 and y2 variables on the y-axis, and the z variable on the z-axis. Then add a legend. Notice that the legend entries match the variable names.

plot3(tbl,["x1","x2"],["y1","y2"],"z")legend

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Specify Target Axes

Open Live Script

You can display a tiling of plots using the tiledlayout and nexttile functions. Call the tiledlayout function to create a 1-by-2 tiled chart layout. Call the nexttile function to create the axes objects ax1 and ax2. Create separate line plots in the axes by specifying the axes object as the first argument to plot3.

tiledlayout(1,2)% Left plotax1 = nexttile;t = 0:pi/20:10*pi;xt1 = sin(t);yt1 = cos(t);plot3(ax1,xt1,yt1,t)title(ax1,'Helix With 5 Turns')% Right plotax2 = nexttile;t = 0:pi/20:10*pi;xt2 = sin(2*t);yt2 = cos(2*t);plot3(ax2,xt2,yt2,t)title(ax2,'Helix With 10 Turns')

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Plot Duration Data with Custom Tick Format

Open Live Script

Create x and y as vectors of random values between 0 and 1. Create z as a vector of random duration values.

x = rand(1,10);y = rand(1,10);z = duration(rand(10,1),randi(60,10,1),randi(60,10,1));

Plot x, y, and z, and specify the format for the z-axis as minutes and seconds. Then add axis labels, and turn on the grid to make it easier to visualize the points within the plot box.

plot3(x,y,z,'o','DurationTickFormat','mm:ss')xlabel('X')ylabel('Y')zlabel('Duration')grid on

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Plot Line With Marker at One Data Point

Open Live Script

Create vectors xt, yt, and zt. Plot the values, specifying a solid line with circular markers using the LineSpec argument. Specify the MarkerIndices property to place one marker at the 200th data point.

t = 0:pi/500:pi;xt(1,:) = sin(t).*cos(10*t);yt(1,:) = sin(t).*sin(10*t);zt = cos(t);plot3(xt,yt,zt,'-o','MarkerIndices',200)

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Input Arguments

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Xx-coordinates
scalar | vector | matrix

x-coordinates, specified as a scalar, vector, or matrix. The size and shape of X depends on the shape of your data and the type of plot you want to create. This table describes the most common situations.

Type of PlotHow to Specify Coordinates
Single point

Specify X, Y, and Z as scalars and include a marker. For example:

plot3(1,2,3,'o')
One set of points

Specify X, Y, and Z as any combination of row or column vectors of the same length. For example:

plot3([1 2 3],[4; 5; 6],[7 8 9])
Multiple sets of points
(using vectors)

Specify consecutive sets of X, Y, and Z vectors. For example:

plot3([1 2 3],[4 5 6],[7 8 9],[1 2 3],[4 5 6],[10 11 12])
Multiple sets of points
(using matrices)

Specify at least one of X, Y, or Z as a matrix, and the others as vectors. Each of X, Y, and Z must have at least one dimension that is same size. For best results, specify all vectors of the same shape and all matrices of the same shape. For example:

plot3([1 2 3],[4 5 6],[7 8 9; 10 11 12])

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | categorical | datetime | duration

Yy-coordinates
scalar | vector | matrix

y-coordinates, specified as a scalar, vector, or matrix. The size and shape of Y depends on the shape of your data and the type of plot you want to create. This table describes the most common situations.

Type of PlotHow to Specify Coordinates
Single point

Specify X, Y, and Z as scalars and include a marker. For example:

plot3(1,2,3,'o')
One set of points

Specify X, Y, and Z as any combination of row or column vectors of the same length. For example:

plot3([1 2 3],[4; 5; 6],[7 8 9])
Multiple sets of points
(using vectors)

Specify consecutive sets of X, Y, and Z vectors. For example:

plot3([1 2 3],[4 5 6],[7 8 9],[1 2 3],[4 5 6],[10 11 12])
Multiple sets of points
(using matrices)

Specify at least one of X, Y, or Z as a matrix, and the others as vectors. Each of X, Y, and Z must have at least one dimension that is same size. For best results, specify all vectors of the same shape and all matrices of the same shape. For example:

plot3([1 2 3],[4 5 6],[7 8 9; 10 11 12])

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | categorical | datetime | duration

Zz-coordinates
scalar | vector | matrix

z-coordinates, specified as a scalar, vector, or matrix. The size and shape of Z depends on the shape of your data and the type of plot you want to create. This table describes the most common situations.

Type of PlotHow to Specify Coordinates
Single point

Specify X, Y, and Z as scalars and include a marker. For example:

plot3(1,2,3,'o')
One set of points

Specify X, Y, and Z as any combination of row or column vectors of the same length. For example:

plot3([1 2 3],[4; 5; 6],[7 8 9])
Multiple sets of points
(using vectors)

Specify consecutive sets of X, Y, and Z vectors. For example:

plot3([1 2 3],[4 5 6],[7 8 9],[1 2 3],[4 5 6],[10 11 12])
Multiple sets of points
(using matrices)

Specify at least one of X, Y, or Z as a matrix, and the others as vectors. Each of X, Y, and Z must have at least one dimension that is same size. For best results, specify all vectors of the same shape and all matrices of the same shape. For example:

plot3([1 2 3],[4 5 6],[7 8 9; 10 11 12])

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | categorical | datetime | duration

LineSpecLine style, marker, and color
string scalar | character vector

Line style, marker, and color, specified as a string scalar or character vector containing symbols. The symbols can appear in any order. You do not need to specify all three characteristics (line style, marker, and color). For example, if you omit the line style and specify the marker, then the plot shows only the marker and no line.

Example: "--or" is a red dashed line with circle markers.

Line StyleDescriptionResulting Line
"-"Solid line

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"--"Dashed line

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":"Dotted line

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"-."Dash-dotted line

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MarkerDescriptionResulting Marker
"o"Circle

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"+"Plus sign

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"*"Asterisk

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"."Point

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"x"Cross

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"_"Horizontal line

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"|"Vertical line

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"square"Square

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"diamond"Diamond

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"^"Upward-pointing triangle

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"v"Downward-pointing triangle

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">"Right-pointing triangle

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"<"Left-pointing triangle

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"pentagram"Pentagram

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"hexagram"Hexagram

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Color NameShort NameRGB TripletAppearance
"red""r"[1 0 0]

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"green""g"[0 1 0]

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"blue""b"[0 0 1]

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"cyan" "c"[0 1 1]

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"magenta""m"[1 0 1]

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"yellow""y"[1 1 0]

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"black""k"[0 0 0]

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"white""w"[1 1 1]

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tblSource table
table | timetable

Source table containing the data to plot, specified as a table or a timetable.

xvarTable variables containing x-coordinates
character vector | string array | cell array | pattern | numeric scalar or vector | logical vector | vartype()

Table variables containing the x-coordinates, specified using one of the indexing schemes from the table.

Indexing SchemeExamples

Variable names:

  • A string, character vector, or cell array.

  • A pattern object.

  • "A" or 'A' — A variable named A

  • ["A","B"] or {'A','B'} — Two variables named A and B

  • "Var"+digitsPattern(1) — Variables named "Var" followed by a single digit

Variable index:

  • An index number that refers to the location of a variable in the table.

  • A vector of numbers.

  • A logical vector. Typically, this vector is the same length as the number of variables, but you can omit trailing 0 or false values.

  • 3 — The third variable from the table

  • [2 3] — The second and third variables from the table

  • [false false true] — The third variable

Variable type:

  • A vartype subscript that selects variables of a specified type.

  • vartype("categorical") — All the variables containing categorical values

The table variables you specify can contain numeric, categorical, datetime, or duration values. If you specify multiple variables for more than one argument, the number of variables must be the same for each of those arguments.

Example: plot3(tbl,["x1","x2"],"y","z") specifies the table variables named x1 and x2 for the x-coordinates.

Example: plot3(tbl,2,"y","z") specifies the second variable for the x-coordinates.

Example: plot3(tbl,vartype("numeric"),"y","z") specifies all numeric variables for the x-coordinates.

yvarTable variables containing y-coordinates
character vector | string array | cell array | pattern | numeric scalar or vector | logical vector | vartype()

Table variables containing the y-coordinates, specified using one of the indexing schemes from the table.

Indexing SchemeExamples

Variable names:

  • A string, character vector, or cell array.

  • A pattern object.

  • "A" or 'A' — A variable named A

  • ["A","B"] or {'A','B'} — Two variables named A and B

  • "Var"+digitsPattern(1) — Variables named "Var" followed by a single digit

Variable index:

  • An index number that refers to the location of a variable in the table.

  • A vector of numbers.

  • A logical vector. Typically, this vector is the same length as the number of variables, but you can omit trailing 0 or false values.

  • 3 — The third variable from the table

  • [2 3] — The second and third variables from the table

  • [false false true] — The third variable

Variable type:

  • A vartype subscript that selects variables of a specified type.

  • vartype("categorical") — All the variables containing categorical values

The table variables you specify can contain numeric, categorical, datetime, or duration values. If you specify multiple variables for more than one argument, the number of variables must be the same for each of those arguments.

Example: plot3(tbl,"x",["y1","y2"],"z") specifies the table variables named y1 and y2 for the y-coordinates.

Example: plot3(tbl,"x",2,"z") specifies the second variable for the y-coordinates.

Example: plot3(tbl,"x",vartype("numeric"),"z") specifies all numeric variables for the y-coordinates.

zvarTable variables containing z-coordinates
character vector | string array | cell array | pattern | numeric scalar or vector | logical vector | vartype()

Table variables containing the z-coordinates, specified using one of the indexing schemes from the table.

Indexing SchemeExamples

Variable names:

  • A string, character vector, or cell array.

  • A pattern object.

  • "A" or 'A' — A variable named A

  • ["A","B"] or {'A','B'} — Two variables named A and B

  • "Var"+digitsPattern(1) — Variables named "Var" followed by a single digit

Variable index:

  • An index number that refers to the location of a variable in the table.

  • A vector of numbers.

  • A logical vector. Typically, this vector is the same length as the number of variables, but you can omit trailing 0 or false values.

  • 3 — The third variable from the table

  • [2 3] — The second and third variables from the table

  • [false false true] — The third variable

Variable type:

  • A vartype subscript that selects variables of a specified type.

  • vartype("categorical") — All the variables containing categorical values

The table variables you specify can contain numeric, categorical, datetime, or duration values. If you specify multiple variables for more than one argument, the number of variables must be the same for each of those arguments.

Example: plot3(tbl,"x","y",["z1","z2"]) specifies the table variables named z1 and z2 for the z-coordinates.

Example: plot3(tbl,"x","y",2) specifies the second variable for the z-coordinates.

Example: plot3(tbl,"x","y",vartype("numeric")) specifies all numeric variables for the z-coordinates.

axTarget axes
Axes object

Target axes, specified as an Axes object. If you do not specify the axes and if the current axes is Cartesian, then plot3 uses the current axes.

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: plot3([1 2],[3 4],[5 6],'Color','red') specifies a red line for the plot.

Note

The properties listed here are only a subset. For a complete list, see Line Properties.

ColorColor
[0 0.4470 0.7410] (default) | RGB triplet | hexadecimal color code | 'r' | 'g' | 'b' | ...

Color, specified as an RGB triplet, a hexadecimal color code, a color name, or a short name. The color you specify sets the line color. It also sets the marker edge color when the MarkerEdgeColor property is set to 'auto'.

For a custom color, specify an RGB triplet or a hexadecimal color code.

  • An RGB triplet is a three-element row vector whose elements specify the intensities of the red, green, and blue components of the color. The intensities must be in the range [0,1], for example, [0.4 0.6 0.7].

  • A hexadecimal color code is a string scalar or character vector that starts with a hash symbol (#) followed by three or six hexadecimal digits, which can range from 0 to F. The values are not case sensitive. Therefore, the color codes "#FF8800", "#ff8800", "#F80", and "#f80" are equivalent.

Alternatively, you can specify some common colors by name. This table lists the named color options, the equivalent RGB triplets, and hexadecimal color codes.

Color NameShort NameRGB TripletHexadecimal Color CodeAppearance
"red""r"[1 0 0]"#FF0000"

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"green""g"[0 1 0]"#00FF00"

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"blue""b"[0 0 1]"#0000FF"

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"cyan" "c"[0 1 1]"#00FFFF"

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"magenta""m"[1 0 1]"#FF00FF"

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"yellow""y"[1 1 0]"#FFFF00"

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"black""k"[0 0 0]"#000000"

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"white""w"[1 1 1]"#FFFFFF"

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"none"Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableNo color

Here are the RGB triplets and hexadecimal color codes for the default colors MATLAB® uses in many types of plots.

RGB TripletHexadecimal Color CodeAppearance
[0 0.4470 0.7410]"#0072BD"

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[0.8500 0.3250 0.0980]"#D95319"

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[0.9290 0.6940 0.1250]"#EDB120"

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[0.4940 0.1840 0.5560]"#7E2F8E"

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[0.4660 0.6740 0.1880]"#77AC30"

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[0.3010 0.7450 0.9330]"#4DBEEE"

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[0.6350 0.0780 0.1840]"#A2142F"

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Tips

  • Use NaN or Inf to create breaks in the lines. For example, this code plots a line with a break between z=2 and z=4.

     plot3([1 2 3 4 5],[1 2 3 4 5],[1 2 NaN 4 5])
  • plot3 uses colors and line styles based on the ColorOrder and LineStyleOrder properties of the axes. plot3 cycles through the colors with the first line style. Then, it cycles through the colors again with each additional line style.

    You can change the colors and the line styles after plotting by setting the ColorOrder or LineStyleOrder properties on the axes. You can also call the colororder function to change the color order for all the axes in the figure. (since R2019b)

Extended Capabilities

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

expand all

Create plots by passing a table to the plot3 function followed by the variables you want to plot. When you specify your data as a table, the axis labels and the legend (if present) are automatically labeled using the table variable names.

See Also

Functions

  • axis | scatter3 | bar3 | tiledlayout | nexttile | grid

Properties

  • Line Properties

Topics

  • Plot Dates and Times
  • Plot Categorical Data
  • Plots That Support Tables

MATLAB Command

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